TECHNOLOGICAL TIMELINE

STONE AGE

· 1,000,000 B.C. Fire and the development of early stone tools

· 17,000 B.C. Domestication of animals

· 12,000 B.C. Early oil lamps that burned fish and animal oil

· 10,000 B.C. Yeast for leavening bread

AGRICULTURAL ERA

· 8000 B.C. Agriculture in the Fertile Crescent

· 6500 B.c. Houses built from mud‑bricks, dugout canoes

· 6000 B.C.Pottery

· 3500 B.C .Writing (cuneiform and hieroglyphics)

BRONZE AGE

· 3000 B.C. Tools made from metal; development of the wheel; wine made from pressed grapes

· 1900 B.C. Plowing with animals

· 1500 B.C. Grinding of grain, glassmaking

IRON AGE

· 1200 B.C. Smelting of iron, development of the Greek alphabet

· 700 B.C.Irrigation and sewage in Rome

· 221 B.C. Construction of the Great \XAII of China

· 144 B.C. First high‑level aqueduct in Rome, use of cement

· 100 B.C Water wheels

· 410 A.D. Sack of Rome by Visigoths

· 500 A.D. Sailing ships that could travel with and against the wind

· 55O A.D. Babylonian Talmud written

· 650 A.D. Writing of the Koran

· 750 A.D. Arabs learn papermaking from Chinese prisoners

· 765 A.D. School of medicine founded in Baghdad

· 1024 A.D. Chinese use first paper currency

· 1200 A.D. Windmills

· 1281 A.D. Chinese use gunpowder in war against Mongols

· 1400‑1600 A.D. Age of exploration and discovery, Balboa, Cabot Columbus, de Gama, deLeon, Hudson, Magellan

· 145O A.D. Gutenberg invents movable type

· 1560 A.D. Water-pumping machine

· 1600 A.D. Magnetism discovered by William Gilbert

· 1610 A.D. Galileo's telescope

· 1619 A.D. First slaves brought to North America by British

· 1628 A.D. Circulation of the blood discovered by William Harvey

· 1700 A.D. Newton's Laws

· 1712 A.D. Newcomen's steam engine

· 1721 A.D. Bach completes Brandenburg concertos

· 1724 A.D. Farenheit thermometer invented

· 1752 A.D. Benjamin Franklin proves lightning is electricity

INDUSTRIAL ERA

· 1760‑1840 A.D. Industrial Revolution in Britain

· 1769 A.D. James Watt's steam engine

· 1770 A.D. Hargreaves's spinning jenny patented

· 1776 A.D.U.S. Declaration of Independence

· 1780 A.D.The lathe

· 1784 A.D. Wrought‑iron process by Henry Cort

· 1785 A.D. Cartwright's loom

· 1789 A.D. French Revolution

· 1789 A.D. La\/oisier's theory of chemical combustion published

· 1793 A.D. Eli Whitneys cotton gin

· 1798 A.D. Eli Whitney’s factory aim‑produces firearms

· 1804 A.D. Jacquard's loom

· 1807 A.D. Britain abolishes &w slave trade, Robert Fulton's steamboat

· 1808 A.D. Slave trade ends in &w United States

· 1811 A.D. Luddites smash knitting machines in Britain

· 1812 A.D. Napoleon invades Russia

· 1816 A.D. Regular transatlantic sailing service begins between New York and Liverpool, England,

· 1822 A.D. First textile mill in United States, in Massachusetts

· 1829 A.D. The steam locomotive

· 1835 A.D. Bessemer process for making steel

· 1839 A.D. Photography invented

· 1843 A.D. Morse begins telegraph line between Baltimore, Md. and Washington, D.C.

· 1861‑1865 A.D. Civil War in the United States

· 1863 A.D. Emancipation Proclamation

· 1864 A.D. George Washington Carver born, he discovered over 300 uses for the peanut.

He also founded the Tuskegee Institute

· 1876 A.D. Alexander Graham Bell invents the telephone

· 1885 A.D. Carl 13enz, in Germany, first successful gasoline‑driven motorcar

· 1887 A.D. Daimler's internal combustion engine automobile

· 1888 A.D. First Kodak hand‑held camera

· 1893 A.D. Diesel engine invented BV Dr. Rudolf Diesel

· 1900 A.D. EverReady flashlight invented, paper clip patented; incubator patented by

· Granville T Woods

· 1901 A.D. Marconi sends first transatlantic radio signals, spinal anesthesia developed

· in France

· 1902 A.D. Rayon patented

· 1903 A.D. \X/right brothers' airplane

· 1905 A.D. Albert Einstein proposes his theory of relativity

· 1906 A.D. Freeze‑drying invented in France; hot dog gets its name from a cartoon of a

· dachshund in a bun

· 1908 A.D. Model T Ford built by mass production

· 1909 A.D. Beginning of the age of plastics, Bakelite patented

· 1910 A.D. Cellophane invented

· 1911 A.D. Rutherford proposes his theory of atomic structure

· 1912 A.D. Sinking of the Titanic ‑ 1,5 13 people die, first heart attack diagnosed in a

· living patient

· 1914 A.D. Panama Canal opens, bacteria used to treat sewage, outbreak of World War I

· 1915 A.D. SONAR invented

· 1918 A.D. Red, green, and yellow traffic lights in New York

· 1919 A.D. First transatlantic flight ‑ Newfbundiand to Ireland

· 1920 A.D. First U.S. commercial broadcasting station ‑ KDKA from Pittsburgh goes on the air

· 1921 A.D. Flybrid com greatly improm crop yields, Band‑Aids invented, first lie detector, first cultured pearls

· 1923 A.D. Automatic traffic light patented by Garrett A. Morgan

· 1924 A.D.First round‑&ie‑world flight Kleenex tissues

· 1925 A.D. First successful experiments with hydroponics

· 1926 A.D. First television demonstration; pop‑up toaster

· 1927 A.D.The theory of negative feedback developed

· 1928 A.D. Penicillin invented by Alexander Fleming, Rice Krispies marketed by Kellogg cereal company, Scotch Tape produced by 3M company

· 1929 A.D. Electroencephalograph (EEG), foam rubber

· 1930 A.D. Packaged frozen foods go on sale in Massachusetts

· 1931 A.D. First regular TV broadcasts (station W6XAO in California): Empire State Building in New York City

· 1934 A.ID.The electron microscope

· 1935 A.D. Radar developed, Nylon patented, B‑ 17 bomber produced by Boeing

· 1936 A.DVitamin pills; Polaroid sunglasses

· 1938 A.D.The ball‑point pen is patented

· 1939 A.v. Outbreak of \Xbrid \Xlar 11, DDT produced, firstjet aircraft flies in Germany, Pan Am begins first regular commercial transatlantic flights

· 1940 A.D. Freeze‑drying used to preserve fbods in United States

· 1942 A.D.LORAN developed, first color snapshots

· 1944 A.D. First automatic digital computer, dv Mark 1; DNA isolated at the Rockefeller Institute

· 1945 A.D. Atom bomb used on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, ENIAC computer built using 18,000 vacuum tubes

· 1946 A.D.Timex watches

· 1947 A.D. Microwave oven, first Honda motorcycle, development of &w transistor at Bell Laboratories

· 1948 A.D.Polaroid camera; LP records, Won

· 1950 A.D. Power steering, start of regular color TV broadcasts; first credit card (Diners Club)

· 1952 A.D. Salk polio vaccine, first sex‑change operation ‑Christine Jorgensen, Sorry pocket transistor radio, 3‑D movies

· 1953 A.D. First successful open heart surgery, supersonicjet aircraft built by Pratt and Whitney Dacron developed in Britain; breeder reactor in Idaho, double helix model the structure of DNA proposed

· 1954 A.D. Nuclear‑powered submarine "Nautilus",' numerical control machining,photocell developed

· 1955.D. \Ielcro fasteners patented, birth‑control pills; nuclear‑powered electricity generation; fiber optics; domestic freezers, multitrack recording

· 1956 A.D. FORTRAN computer language, hydrogen bomb exploded, first videotape recorder, first desktop computer (Burroughs E‑ 10 1)

SPACE AGE

· 1957 A.D. Sputnik, Sabin oral polio vaccine, high‑speed dental drill, mercury batteries SONAR invented

INFORMATION AGE

· 1958 A.D. First integrated circuit made by Texas Instruments, bifocal contact lenses, first U.S. satellite

· 1959 A.D. Pilkington float glass process perfected, Sony produces first transistorized TV,Russia sends unmanned spacecraft to the moon (Luna 2), Xerox copier

· 1960 A.D. Lasers, light‑emitting diodes (LEDs); weather satellites, fieft‑tip pens

· 1962 A.D. 7V signals sent across the Atlantic via satellite, world's first industrial robot produced by Unimation Corporation, Tang orangejuice

· 1963 A.D. John F. Kennedy assassinated, cassette tapes, Instamatic cameras, the tranquilizer \Ialium produced, Artificial heart used during surgery

· 1964 A.D. China tests nuclear bomb, IBM word processors, photochromic eyeglasses that change in response to the amount of sunlight

· 1965 A.D. First space walk~ Super 8 cameras, reports link cigarette smoking to cancer

· 1966 A.D. Flashcubes, electronic fuel injection, Russians make successful soft landing on the moon (Luna 9)

· 1967 A.9). Christiaan Barnard perfbm‑6 first heart transplant energy‑absorbing buffwrs, Frisbees

· 1969 A.D. American manned moon landing; first Concorde SST flight

· 1970 A.D. Russians land moon robot (Lunokhod); floppy disksjumbojets

· 1971 A.D. Microprocessor developed by Intel; Mariner 9 orbits Mars

· 1972 A.D. CAT scan, photography from satellites (Landsat), videodiscs

· 1973 A.D. Genetic engineering; Skylab orbiting space station launched, supermarket optical price scanning, Selectric self~‑correcting typewriter, push‑through tabs on cans

· 1974 A.D. Toronto Communications lbwer (tallest building in the world) opens

· 1975 A.D. liquid crystal displays, video games, disposable razors, cloning of a rabbit Americans and Russians dock in space

· 1976 A.D. Birth of the Apple computer, electronic cameras

· 1977 A.D. Space shuttle, trans‑Alaska pipeline system completed, neutron bomb developed

· 1978 A.[). First test‑tube baby bom; programmable washing machines; computerized chess, auto‑fbcus cameras

· 1979 A.D. Skylab, the orbiting space station, falls back to earth

· 1980 A.D.Solar‑powered aircraft

· 1981 A.D. Silicon 32‑bit chip, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) scanner, first launch of a reusable space vehicle (the space shuttle Columbia)

· 1982 A.D.Artificial heart

· 1983 A.D. Biopol (biodegradable plastic), carbon‑fiber aircraft wing, 5 12K dynamic access memory chip

· 1984 A.D. Compact disk player, genetically engineered blood‑dotting factor, megabit computer chip

· 1985 A.D. CD‑ROM (compact‑disk read‑only memory), image digitizer, soft bifocal contact lens

· 1986 A.D. Uranus moons'photographs; DNA fingerprinting; diminished ozone shield

· 1987 A.1). High‑temperature superconductivity confirmed

· 1988 A.D.Patented animal life

· 1990 A.D. NASA'S Hubble Space Telescope deployed by space shuttle Discovery